Nama :
Sonia Maria Fransiska
Kelas :
4ea18
NPM :
16210647
Elliptical Constructions is a sentence structure that can be used toindicate / show that a person, object or animal do / not to do something,and then add (a person, object or animal) were also experiencing the same thing. Function of Elliptical Constructions is to avoid unnecessaryrepetition of words (not important) in a sentence.
What is Capital Auxiliary Verb?
verbs include cans, Could, may, Might, will, Would,
Marshall (typically in British English), Should, must, and ought to so-called
‘capital of the auxiliary verb’ (auxiliary verb of capital). They are used
before the infinitive or any other verb, and adding a specific meaning. Need,
dare, and Had better sometimes also be used as auxiliary verb capital.
There are
many kinds of ellipsis in English. They have different structure and use. In
his book, Swan writes some types of ellipsis, such as:
1. Ellipsis with and, but, and or
2. Ellipsis at the beginning of
sentence
3. Ellipsis in noun phrases
4. Ellipsis after auxiliary verb
5. Ellipsis with infinitives
Type of Ellipsis
Ellipsis is the omission of words
from sentences that are automatically understood so that the words do not need
to be stated (www.geocities.com/ eowilliam11/guide.html). There are some types of ellipsis
in English. Here, they will be discussed in detail.
Type of ellipsis described by
Swan below can be found in spoken and written text. They can be in a formal
style. The headline news titles analyzed in this research are in formal forms.
Therefore, the researcher doesn’t use some types of ellipsis in informal forms
like: (and) then in ellipsis with and, but, and or, ellipsis
after adjectives in noun phrases, short answer and so am I in
ellipsis after auxiliary verbs, and ellipsis of infinitives because most of
them are often used in informal styles and in spoken languages.
Ellipsis
1. Various kinds of word left out
When expressions are joined by and, but or or,
we often leave out repeated words or phrases of various kinds.
Example:
A knife and (a) fork
Antique (furniture) or modern furniture
2. Word order
When two verbs, objects etc are the same, it is not
always the second that it left out. We leave out the first if that will produce
a simpler word order and sentence structure.
Example:
Cats (catch mice) and dogs catch mice. (Not Cats catch
mice and dogs.)
3. Singular and plural
When one verb follows two singular subjects connected
by and, a plural verb forms is of course used if necessary.
Example:
My mother and father smoke. (Not My mother and father
smokes.)
When two singular subjects are connected by or, the
verb is singular.
Either Jake or Steve was here this morning.
4. Other conjunctions
Ellipsis is not normally possible after other
conjunction besides and, but and or.
Example:
She didn’t know where she was when she woke up. (Not …
when woke up).
5. (and) then
In an informal style, ellipsis is sometimes possible
after then even if and is dropped.
Example:
Peter started first, (and) then Colin (started).
Ellipsis at the beginning of a sentence
1. Words that can be left out
Words that can be left out include articles (the,
a/an), possessives (my, your etc), personal pronouns.
(I, you, etc), auxiliary verb (am, have etc) and the preparatory subject there.
Example:
Car’s running badly (= The car’s …)
Wife’s on holiday (= My wife’s …)
2. Unstressed forms of be,
will, would, have
We do not usually drop so as to begin
sentences with unstressed forms of be, will, would or
auxiliary have (though this sometimes happens in postcard,
diary entries and other kinds of very informal writing).
Example:
I’m coming tomorrow or coming tomorrow.
But not Am coming tomorrow (Am is not
stressed)
3. I and it
Auxiliary verbs can be left out before personal
pronouns excepts I and it.
You ready? (= Are you ready ?)
4. Tags
Ellipsis is very common in sentences that have some
sort of tag.
Example:
Can’t swim. Myself
Dutch, aren’t you ?
